Mario Capechi

Imagine a child is underweight, filthy, and the usual wild you see wandering the streets of the city. He was begging, fighting, stealing as well.You believe that a child like that could someday be a famous scientist, a winner of numerous international awards. Perhaps most of all we would not believe. However, that's a fairy tale life that thanks to Mario Capecchi engineering research genetikanyaia won the prestigious Nobel Prize in medicine.Born of affluent American derivatives, Mario stranded on the streets after her mother's anti-fascism was arrested by the Gestapo and thrown into concentration camps Dechau the outbreak of World War II. He has been confined in a hospital along with other street children. They each day just dijathi small piece of bread and a cup of coffee. Just before noon, they always fell unconscious on the beds narrow-crush coincide with each other. Mario escapes from death when her mother arrived to pick up. With half a state mental hospital, the mother brought her 9-year-old returned to America. Finally the mother entrusted her son to his uncle. She attended the elementary school in the Quaker School.At the high school level, he felt that the teachers treat students like the students. The student teacher dialogue without using the textbook. Stock of knowledge and values ​​of life from the Quaker school plus his uncle's personal influence as a scientist led him also to be a scientist. In the work, he was known as a creative, professional, and skilled.
There was interesting quote when he received the Kyoto Prize of the nature of education. He pondered her childhood, and he argued: "The only thing we need to provide for all our kids are insufficient opportunities to pursue interests and their dreams. The level of our understanding of human development is too shallow to predict who among those children who would be Bethoven, Modligiani, or the next Martin Luther King. "

Arp 147 contains the remainder of the spiral galaxy (right) that collided with an elliptical galaxy on the left. This collision has resulted in expanding wave of starformation appears as a blue ring contains an abundance of new stars are quite large. This star races have gone through their evolution in a few million years orless and explode as a supernova, leaving behind neutron stars and black holes.

shows X-rays from Chandra X-ray Observatory NASA's (pink) and optical datafrom Hubble Space Telescope (red, green, blue) produced by the SpaceTelescope Science Institute, or the STScI.

Gambar komposit Arp 147, Interaksi dari sepasang galaksi yang terletak sekitar 430 juta tahun cahaya dari Bumi, 

A fraction of neutron stars and black holes will have a companion star, and can be a source of bright X-ray. The nine X-ray sources scattered around the ring in Arp147 is so bright and they have become black holes, with masses of perhaps ten ortwenty times that of the sun. 
 


An X-ray source was also detected in the core area of the red galaxies on the leftand can be powered by supermassive black holes. This source is not apparent onthe composite image, but can easily be seen on X-ray images. Another thing that is not associated with Arp 147 is also visible: the foreground star at the bottom leftimage and the background quasar as a source of pink on the top and left of the redgalaxies.

infrared observations by NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope and ultravioletobservations with NASA's Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) has allowedestimation of the rate of star formation in the ring. These estimates, combined with the use of models for binary star evolution has allowed the authors to conclude thatthe most powerful star formation may have ended about 15 million years ago, inEarth's time frame.

Uncovering the History of Galaxies

In visible light images, more than a thousand galaxies seen in the volume that is nottrue because only a fraction is clearly visible at a distance of about 20 million light-years away in the Coma Galaxy Cluster. However, infrared images of the ComaCluster is now used to add thousands more to calculate the Coma galaxies in the form of dwarf galaxies that were previously undiscovered.

This composite combines infrared Spitzer Space Telescope image data (red and green) with visible light Sloan Sky Survey data (blue) to the center of the cluster.More than 1 degree wide, the field is dominated by two giant elliptical galaxies in blue. However, many small green spots were identified as dwarf galaxies, roughlycomparable to the Small Magellanic Cloud. dwarf galaxies are expected to formfirst and then become the building blocks for larger galaxies. Coma Cluster is nowable to catch in an area of ​​320 million light-years away.

More than 12 billion years of cosmic history is displayed in the view, full-colorpanorama of thousands of galaxies.

This image, taken by NASA's Hubble Space Telescope, made ​​of mosaic taken in September and October 2009 with the Wide Field Camera 3 and the newly installed in 2004 with the Advanced Camera Survey and include most of the areasouth of the census of galaxies called the Great Observatories Origins DeepSurvey, a study to explore the space with several observatories to track the evolution of galaxies.

The image shows a galaxy that appears increasingly chaotic in any previous era,galaxies grow through accretion, collisions and mergers, which range from maturespirals and ellipticals in the foreground galaxy of irregular shape, most of whomhave a considerable distance to be captured by infrared camera galaxies aresmaller are considered the building blocks of galaxies are greater that we see today.

The picture shows thousands of galaxies over most of the history of the universe.Nearby galaxies visible in the foreground of the emitted light was observed to formabout a billion years ago. Most distant galaxies, some red spots are very faint, theyappear more than 13 billion years ago, or about 650 million years after the BigBang. This mosaic piece stretches the same room with about a third of the diameter of the full moon.

Stars at the Galactic Center

Center of our Milky Way Galaxy is hidden from the eyes of optical telescopesbecause it is covered by a cloud of dust and gas. But, in this stunning, the camera's infrared Spitzer Space Telescope's penetrating a lot of dust, revealing many starsin the crowded center of the galaxy.P

A mosaic of smaller images, cool stars in bluish color. reddish color is a shiningcloud of dust associated with young, hot stars in stellar nurseries. The galactic center lies some 26,000 light-years, toward the constellation Sagittarius. At that distance, this image covers about 900 light years.

Triangulum Galaxy

Triangulum Galaxy is located nearly 3 million light years from Earth. And, in a study that push the limits of current observations might be from Earth, a team of NASAand European scientists record the "fingerprint" of the molecular mysteries of theTriangulum Galaxy and the Andromeda Galaxy.

Figuring out which molecules leave these instructions, known as the "spreadinterstellar bands", a puzzle that initially seem simple but it's been resolved for nearly a hundred years. The answer is expected to help explain how stars, planetsand the formation of life.