Although it sounds like a story in the Hollywood film, however, the story about the man who can turn into a wolf can be found in many countries around the world.
In fact, the story about the creature commonly known by the name or Lycan Werewolf can be found in the records of ancient Greece.
Werewolf in Ancient Literature
Herodotus, in his book ever written about Neuri Histories, a tribe living in northeast Scythia (near Ukrainian) whose inhabitants turned into a wolf every nine years.
In ancient Greek mythology, king of Arcadia named Lycaon is transformed into a wolf by the god Zeus due to sacrifice and eat his own flesh. Name lycanthropy Lycaon then lowering said that we know today.
Roman scholar, Pliny the Elder, was also never told about a man who turns into a wolf after eating the innards of a child.
Then, in the year 60 AD, Gaius Petronius wrote in his book about Niceros who watched his friend turn into a wolf. Niceros recalled:
"When I look for my friend, I found it was off all her clothes and put them in the street ... and then, while he urinated in a circle with a urine clothes lying around. Suddenly, he turned into a wolf. After that, he began to howl and ran into the woods. "
Although more commonly found in Europe, the story about the werewolf can also be found in regions outside Europe.
Among American Indians, a similar creature known as the Skin Walker. In Turkey called Turkadam, whereas in Central America known as the Nagual. Believe it or not, in Europe and America, regarded as Werewolfnya Leak Bali Indonesia.
Werewolf Characteristics
According to legend, when the full moon, a human being, under certain conditions will change into a wolf. Her body will be high and strong. Her eyes shone bright like animals in general and bushy eyebrows that meet in the middle. His mouth looks always dry, like a thirsty man.
Her skin was rough and overgrown with dense fur. Turn into pointy ears like a dog with gelambir that hangs around her neck. The difference with the wolf, werewolf has no tail.
One method to identify the werewolf in apparently as a human being is to injure his body. If he is a werewolf, then the injured body part will look like a wolf fur.
Alternatively, according to Russian legend, a werewolf can be recognized by the fur under his tongue.
While in Hollywood films mentioned if a werewolf can be killed with silver bullets, these characteristics can not be found in the legend.
How do I turn into Werewolf
In Italy, France and Germany, mentioned that a person can turn into a werewolf by sleeping outdoors during the spring full moon which falls on Wednesday or Friday particular.
Then, there is also a believe that someone could turn into a werewolf by being bitten by another werewolf. This makes it the same as Vampire legend. There is another who believes that someone could turn into a werewolf because cursed.
However, most legends believe that the transfiguration of a man into a werewolf mainly caused by activities associated with satanic activity or witchcraft.
This view was widespread in medieval Europe that accompanied the hunt for the werewolf, vampire and witch. In France alone, between 1520 until the year 1630, there were about 30,000 people who were arrested for being a werewolf. Most of the suspects was later to undergo the cruel torture and interrogation to death.
Although often considered a satanic activity, there is a story that quite confusing.
In 1692, a 80-year-old man named Thiess from Livonia to testify under oath when he and some other friends is a werewolf he describes as "dog hunters of God. "
He claims that they are a soldier who was sent by God to pursue the worshipers of demons and witches. Thiess also said that groups such as the werewolf he is also available in Russian and German.
Testimony Thiess considered a blasphemy against God and he was sentenced to 10 lashes for it.
Werewolf and Vampire
How is the relationship between a werewolf and a vampire? We see their enemies as in the movie Underworld, is it true that?
Apparently not. In medieval times, Europe's growing confidence that the bodies of those killed for being a werewolf should be cremated. If not, then the body will rise from the grave as a vampire.
This indicates that the time was believed werewolf and a vampire is a person.
In Serbia, Bulgaria and Slovakia, Vampire and Werewolf are also regarded as the same creature known as Vulkodlak.
Significant sightings
One of the reasons why the story about the werewolf can last for thousands of years is due to the many reports of sightings occurred during that time span.
For example, in 1790. Two people were nomads in North Wales when a large animal attacked their horses. One horse killed. This event occurs when the full moon seen above the sky. Many believe that the creature that attacked them is a werewolf.
More than 200 years after the event, precisely in 1992, also in Wales, local newspapers reported mengenai strange creature that looks at the bear loose in the place. A farmer saw the creature during the full moon and he found two male sheep was dead. Some people also believe that the creature was a werewolf.
Legend of Beast of Gevaudan that terrorized France in 1760an also often regarded as a classic case of Werewolf.
Eyewitnesses who saw the creature describe it as being similar to a dog or wolf.
Beast of Gevaudan was recorded doing 11 times the attack where most victims are women and children. The victims were killed was found with the bodies mutilated and showed signs of prey.
French military to deploy troops to hunt down the creature. However, do not bring results.
From among all the modern appearance of the werewolf, perhaps the most extraordinary appearance is what is experienced by Mrs.Delburt Gregg from Texas.
One night in 1958, Mrs.Gregg was alone in her room when she heard a sound like scratching at the window. At first glance, he could see a big hairy creature like the wolf that was staring at him with eyes shining. Mrs.Gregg can also see the white fangs.
Realizing his presence known, the creature then ran into the bushes.
Mrs.Gregg recalled:
"After aa while ,I saw a figure out of the bushes .But I do not see any hairy wolf .figures that look out is a verytall man who then walked in a hurry to disappear in the darkness of night ."
Mrs.Gregg sightings were in line with Hollywood version of the werewolf picture.
If so, whether there really werewolf creature as depicted by Hollywood movies?
Alternative explanationsIt seems difficult to ignore the existence of these creatures. If a werewolf is just a folklore, fairy tales or imaginary Hollywood, why the story of the appearance of these creatures can spread throughout the world since thousands of years ago?
If the new werewolf story emerged several decades later, maybe we could argue that television and media have been spreading. But, like every region in the world, have a story werewolfnya respectively.
So, is called a werewolf creature really exist?
Before you go in there, perhaps we could see some alternative theories that try to explain about these creatures.
An alternative theory is based on the premise that no human being can turn into a wolf. That there is a wrong interpretation or hyperbolic story is told for generations.
These are a few:
Men dressed in wolfThere was a terrible event occurred in the city Bedburg, Germany, in 1591. One day, a group of residents successfully laid siege to a wolf who came into the village. Then they started attacking it with a timber wolf. Surprisingly, the wolf does not attempt to flee or fight.
Suddenly, the residents saw the animal standing and being regarded as the wolf was in fact a middle-aged man wearing a wolf skin. They recognize him as Peter Stubbe, one resident Bedburg too.
The residents then took him to the village and began to interrogate him. Stubbe admitted that he had killed 16 people, including two pregnant women and 13 children.
Then, he began to talk further.
At the age of 12 years, Stubbe was interested in witchcraft and began to study it. Years later, he became seriously study it and even he began his pact with the devil. It did not take long, Stubbe began to fill with wishful thinking to kill. When eyeing its prey, he would hide in the forest while disguised as a wolf.
Murders committed by Stubbe is quite sadistic. He used to rip his victims throat and suck their blood. Slowly, his desire for blood becomes unbearable, so he continued to kill to satisfy it. In many instances the victim Stubbe even eat meat.
The most horrific of crimes Stubbe is the real crimes against his own son.
One day, he brought his son who was a child in the woods, breaking his skull and ate his brain.
Peter Stubbe was recorded as one of the most sadistic serial killers in world history. Crimes they have committed so heinous that the court decided to punish her death in a way that is not less cruel. His body was tied in a wheel, then, torn flesh with hot iron. The feet and hands and then broken and finally he was beheaded. Time body was then burned to ashes.
Peter Stubbe murder occurred during the Middle Ages when Europe is at a time when superstition is rampant. It may be that this story is widespread and causing rumors about the existence of so-invented creature named Werewolf.
Hallucinations
The first author to link between the werewolf with the disease is Marcellus Sidetes (2nd century AD), a Greek who lived in Turkey and wrote books on medicine.
He mentioned that there are cases where a person experiences feelings that led him to believe that he is the wolf which then makes the person wandering in the cemetery.
Argument Sidetes later confirmed by modern science that supports this possibility. One is the ergot poisoning (a collection of fungal genus Claviceps). Those with this type of mushroom poisoning can experience hallucinations are quite severe and can consider themselves as animals, or feel is being attacked by animals.
One of the worst cases of ergot poisoning occurred in 1951 in the town of Pont St.Espri in France. Around 135 people admitted to hospital and 6 fatalities. The case is due to the population ate bread that had been infected with ergot. This fungus had caused them to have hallucinations that make them believe that the tiger and the snake was attacking them.
Of course, this theory can not explain why in a place that never found ergot also reported sightings of a werewolf.
Therefore, we entered into a an other, more popular theory. This theory believes that the werewolf is actually the man who exposed disorder called Hypertrichosis or werewolf syndrome.
Hypertrichosis (Werewolf Syndrome)If a werewolf is only defined as a human being hairy like a wolf, it seems we have obtained an explanation through disorder called Hypertrichosis, sometimes called werewolf syndrome.
Those who suffer from this disorder experience hair growth on the body in unnatural quantities. Anyone experiencing this disorder since birth and some are experiencing due to external factors such as medication side effects.
For those who get it from birth, has not been found treatment that can cure it. All I can do is shave your hair regularly.
Cases of Hypertrichosis congenital birth arguably very rare since the Middle Ages there were only 50 cases recorded.
However, the problem is, people with Hypertrichosis has never changed from human into a wolf and vice versa. So, even this explanation seems inconsistent with the werewolf legend.
So, if the creature is actually a werewolf?
Werewolf and witchcraft activities
Is this creature from the activities of magic?
Or is it a cryptid creatures that have not known?
However, the most important question is whether humans can turn into animals?
If all the above theory can not explain it, then I think, the answer to most "reasonable" is: Werewolf do exist and yes, humans can experience the transfiguration into animals by performing a certain magic.
But, if you do not believe in magic that can cause a transfiguration of human experience into animals, then I do not have to put forward another theory.
(wikipedia, hellhorror.com)
It happened in Gevaudan, France, in the mid 1700s. More than 100 people killed by a mysterious creature called the Beast of Gevaudan. Horror that befell the inhabitants were still a mystery not solved until now.
No one can confirm the exact number of victims Gevaudan creature attacks. But Dr. Beaufort that has examined this case found there was at least 210 attacks associated with this creature. From among the 210 victims of the attacks there were 49 injuries. While the death toll rose to 113 people. 98 of them were killed with a mutilated body condition due to eat.
It all begins on the date of June 1, 1764.
At that time, a girl who was 14 years old come out to graze their livestock to a pasture near Gevaudan in Southern France. He did not suspect that what happened will be the beginning of a mystery that lasted until hundreds of years later.
When looking at livestock-cattle, he looked toward the bushes are nearby. Movement in the bush was quite aroused his curiosity.
He does not have to wait long.
A moment later, a large animal like a dog out of the bushes and immediately ran towards him. Although these animals have a way like a dog, his body is very big, huge even match a buffalo.
When the animal is about to pounce, the girl was using his stick to hit him. But energy can not be compared with that big monster. Fortunately, at that time he brought some dogs for protection. These dogs react when he saw the creature and immediately attacked him.
The creature was still trying to approach the girl before finally retreated and disappeared into the distance.
The statue which was established in commemoration of Gevaudan
The first assault incident
No one has ever seen this creature before. But after the events in the meadow, he began to frequently appear and spread terror that takes more lives than 100 people.
On June 30 the same year, the monster asks his first victim. Jeanne Boulet who is also 14 years old was found dead near the village of Les Hubacs, not far from the Gevaudan. Children of this poor woman was found with a torn chest and heart are scattered.
Gazzete Paris daily, published in June 1764 contains a description of an eyewitness who saw the creature:
"The creature was taller than a wolf in general. soles of his feet are equipped with a nail. The color is reddish fur, big head, while his mouth filled with sharp teeth is very similar to Greyhound dogs. His ears were small and straight, wide chest is gray while the back has black groove. "
The creature was also called out a bad odor.
This description does not match any known animal at the time.
In many instances, the creature appeared and attacked the residents. In September 1764, death toll from the attack has reached one victim every week. Each victim was killed by the pathetic condition of the bodies, usually with neck torn and mutilated body. In many of the victims, clearly visible marks eaten.
In October, the deaths continued with the discovery of the bodies, mostly women and children in various places in the village.
At that time, news about this creature has spread widely throughout France. Villagers in the vicinity of Gevaudan experiencing tremendous fear. House doors locked and the residents to reduce outdoor activities. Those who were forced out of the house will bring a friend and a weapon to protect themselves.
Actually there is another reason why the villagers were gripped by fear, which is circulating the rumor that the beast was actually a loup garou or Werewolves (Werewolf). Rumor is growing because in some occasions the creature's look is not affected by a bullet that is released. One of the farmers even managed to stab him with a knife. But the creature was not hurt at all.
This fact makes the people believe they are dealing with supernatural beings.
In January 1765, occurred an incident that led to the French king intervene.
At that time, Jacques Portefaix and six of his friends met with the creature. But by staying in groups, they managed to fight and menghalaunya. Resistance is made by Jacques and his friends soon attracted the attention of King Louis XV which is then rewarded Jacques with 300 livres and 300 livres other for his friends.
Not only that, the king also decided to send a professional wolf hunter named Jean Charles Marc Antoine d'Vaumesle Enneval and his son Jean Francois to find and kill the monster.
Besides those two, at least there are about two thousand other people who helped hunt these creatures.
On February 17, 1765, Francois d'Enneval and arrived at Clermont Ferrand. They brought eight dogs that have been experienced hunter. However, the two hunters are even spending time in months to hunt down and shot the wolves because they believe that this animal which has been responsible for these bloody attacks.
As a result, casualties continued to fall.
In June 1765, the king began to run out of patience. It replaces the two hunters with Antoine Francois who previously served as the king's armor bearer.
On September 21, 1765, Antoine had killed a large wolf that has a height of 80 cm with a length of up to 1.7 meters. This wolf nicknamed Le Loup de Chazes.
Illustration: The wolf that was caught by Antoine
About these animals, Antoine said:
"We've never seen a wolf with the body size of this magnitude. Therefore, we conclude that these beings are creatures who have committed attacks on villagers."
Wolf carcasses were brought to Versailles. Antoine was hailed as a hero and received a lot of money as a gift.
But the bloody attack was not over. This indicates that Antoine has been killing the wrong monsters!
On December 2, 1765, the creature was seen at La Besseyre Saint Mary's and attacked two children.
In the following months continued to fall victim.
In 1767, the attacks suddenly stopped, and many believe that the Beast of Gevaudan was dead.
Unfortunately, this story ends with gray.
Historians have many different theories about the end of the attack. But the most popular legend states that the monster was killed by a local resident named Jean Chastel on June 19, 1767.
According to the story, one day, Chastel who then join hunt the creature with other colleagues, sitting at a place and decided to pray to God about the whole issue. After that he took out his Bible and began reading. Recently he read a few paragraphs, all of a sudden Beast of Gevaudan appeared in front of him.
Chastel immediately leveled his rifle and killed the creature.
Legend Chastel then taken by many writers and modified so it is more myth than fact odorless. For example, one writer tells when the Beast of Gevaudan is actually really a werewolf and Chastel himself is his father. That's why he managed to kill and bury their carcasses in one place.
Other authors mention if Chastel can kill because it uses a silver bullet.
So we get a story that mixed the facts with imagination.
Then the question is, whether the Beast of Gevaudan creature it really?
Regarding credentials, there are various opinions expressed. The most popular theory is the theory of werewolf or werewolf. As I mentioned above, this assumption appears because of its ability bullet or stab resistant. In addition, the extraordinary size of her body does not match the characteristics of any animal.
But this theory does not have sufficient evidence to confirm it.
Richard H. Thompson, author of "Wolf hunting in France in the Reign of Louis XV: The beast of Gevaudan", believe that the creature is actually a kind of a big wolf.
Although wild wolves tend to avoid humans, but some experts believe that wolves in the centuries past more aggressive. Wolves tend to shy in these modern times is actually the result of natural selection.
This view is also based on the fact that the victim was killed by wolf attacks in these modern times in general are children. If there are adults who are victims, it generally is a woman.
But this theory fails to explain the characteristics and the way these creatures that did not look like a wolf.
Another theory says that the creature is the result of crossbreeding between a dog with a wild wolf. This is indicated by body size and fur color which is unusual. This speculation is supported by a naturalist named Louis Michel, who wrote a book called "The Beast of Gevaudan: The Innocence of Wolves".
According to Louis, most of the villagers claimed to have seen Jean Chastel with a large mastiff dog red. He believes if the dog is the true Beast of Gevaudan. Louis also believe that the dog's ability to withstand bullets probably because he was worn clothes from pig skin which also explains the strange fur color.
In other words, Louis believes that the creature is Chastel own pets.
In addition to these theories, some Cryptozoologyst believe that the creature is probably the descendants of ancient animals mesonychids kind that in some way managed to survive in these modern times.
But, just like any other theory, there is no supporting arguments are strong enough to confirm this theory.
Another theory emerged in October 2009 when the History Channel aired a documentary entitled The Real Wolfman. At the show, the Beast of Gevaudan called Hyena Asia that has been extinct in Europe. However, not all agree with this view because Hyena only have 34 teeth. While the body of the victim based on autopsy results, Beast of Gevaudan has 42 teeth.
So, no definite conclusion and we are still guessing the identity of the monster. But, certainly, no one can deny that in 1764 in France, more than 100 people have died horribly in the attack of the mysterious beast.
Read also about the Werewolf and Shunka Warakin.
(wikipedia, hubpages.com, associatedcontent.com)
The ministry said that a boy was known, ranging in age from six months to a year, died seven days after receiving the vaccine from Sanofi Pasteur ActHIB combined with DPT vaccine for diphtheria, whooping cough and tetanus on 15 February. The latest case followed an earlier report that says that five infants aged under three years old have died since the beginning of February after receiving vaccination alone or in combination with other drugs.
At least three of the six babies suffering from congenital heart disease and other diseases. The Ministry has suspended Prevenar made by Pfizer, based in New York. The use of ActHIB vaccine, Sanofi Pasteur's production which is a branch of Sanofi-Aventis, headquartered in Paris, was also halted. The government is currently investigating whether the vaccine is associated with the death of their children.
A group of medical experts said they could not identify a specific link between the deaths and the vaccine. Ministry of Health is currently carrying out detailed investigations. Both vaccines have been given widely to childrenthroughout the the world for many years to prevent infection of bacteria that cause pneumonia and meningitis .
Thanks to the invention, a student at the end of this GMU won two predicate as well as funds in the race empirically by scientists and technology Society of Indonesia (MIPI) in Bogor, the end of January 2011 then. Two predicates are one race champion of research and research works best.
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Saponin concentration required to inhibit virus growth was 10 milligram / milliliter (ml). The vaccine used for poultry injected into its own only 0.2 ml.
In ancient Greek mythology, king of Arcadia named Lycaon is transformed into a wolf by the god Zeus due to sacrifice and eat his own flesh. Name lycanthropy Lycaon then lowering said that we know today.
